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Product code: DKIBG50
Brand: EASY REEFS
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DKI 1,3 β-GLUCAN
50g
THE NEW ADVANCED EASYREEFS PROGRAM
DKI with added Phaeo = DKI 1,3 β-glucan
β-glucans are a potent, valuable and well-documented immunostimulant to improve immune status and increase disease resistance in farmed fish. The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is characterized by its high content of bioactive molecules, such as the omega-3 fatty acid EPA, the carotenoid pigment fucoxanthin and chrysolaminarin, a water-soluble polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers linked by a β-(1, 3 ) with limited β-(1,6) branching.
DESCRIPTION
Among the known immunostimulatory effects of fish diets enriched with P. tricornutum, it is worth highlighting:
i) increased activity of the haemolytic complement.
ii) stimulation of phagocytic activity and respiratory activity of head kidney leukocytes
iii) increased serum levels of IgM, the main adaptive humoral response and usually the only immunoglobulin class described in fish.
iv) increased expression of IL-8, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that contributes (acting together with IL-1 and TNFα) to host defense mechanisms in response to bacterial invasion or colonization.
Furthermore, chrysolaminarin-enriched extracts have demonstrated their ability to: i) stimulate the expression of the chaperone hsp90aa and the antimicrobial peptide hamp1, thus modulating the NF-κB pathway and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, ii) modulate key immune factor genes, such as glucan receptor c-type lectin (clec), interferon-related factors irf3 and irf7, TNFα, chemokine cxc10, g-type lysozyme, cd4 and IL-1β, supporting an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect and iii) modulate the intestinal microbiome by reducing bacteria of the genus Vibrio.
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